Used most often in large animals, such as horses, cattle or sheep. Examples include: succinylcholine and dimethyl tubocurarine. heart rate, arterial blood pressure) to ensure adequate general anesthesia. The investigator must remain aware that the animal is unable to respond with purposeful movement to noxious stimulation and the animal must be closely monitored (e.g. These drugs, when used during surgery, must be administered only in conjunction with general anesthetics. The peripheral acting muscle relaxants are devoid of sedative and analgesic properties. Examples include: ketamine and tiletamine which is often in combination with the tranquilizer, zolazepam.Īre predominantly central or peripheral acting. To decrease undesirable actions such as muscle hypertonus and emergence delirium, they may be used in combination with hypnotics, tranquilizers, or alpha 2-adrenergic agonists. Induce anesthesia, have short duration of action, a wide safety margin, and cause minimal cardiopulmonary depression. Examples include: xylazine (trade name Rompum). Receptor agonists have tranquilizing, sedative, and potent analgesic properties. Examples include: pentobarbital, sodium thiamylal, sodium thiopental and chloral hydrate. Higher doses may cause medullary paralysis, respiratory arrest and death. They induce a dose-dependent spectrum of CNS depression, from sleep to deep general anesthesia. To minimize the chance of drug overdose and to reduce drug-related tissue damage, drugs used for smaller (<4 kg) laboratory animals may need to be diluted.ĭrugs are widely used for inducing or managing general anesthesia. Examples include: ether, halothane, methoxyflurane, and isoflurane.Ĭan serve as the sole anesthetic agent, be used to induce anesthesia before inhalation anesthesia, or supplement regional anesthesia. A waste gas scavenging system should be used to minimize exposure to personnel. Endotracheal intubation facilitates effective and safe delivery of inhalation anesthetics. Disadvantages include need for specialized delivery equipment and potential toxicosis to personnel chronically exposed to anesthetic vapors. Inhalation anesthetics, when properly administered allow one to control and regulate anesthetic depth. Two main delivery systems are used in veterinary medicine, inhalation and injection a brief review of common drugs follows:Īre gaseous or volatile agents administered via the respiratory tract. diminished motor response to noxious stimuli.amnesia (loss of memory of pain or distress).Basic elements of general anesthesia include: Provides overall insensitivity and unconsciousness.
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